Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves

Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, FOA+CoPectin+RPM. weighed at birth blood collected (before colostrum), 21 age, 42 age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week first 6 wk age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status assessed through various plasma biomarkers. Whole challenged with 3 µg/mL LPS for phagocytosis oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole samples associated response, function, 1-carbon metabolism. The response mRNA abundance versus nonchallenged via Δ − samples. Phagocytosis capacity activity measured neutrophils monocytes, data reported as ratio (percentage) CD14 CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points subjected ANOVA using PROC MIXED SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), Treatment, Sex, Age, Treatment × Age fixed effects. A 1-way determine differences birth, Sex Calf body weight other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At haptoglobin concentration lower FOA+CoPro compared CoPro calves. We detected no effect biomarkers function due maternal treatments birth. Compared challenge, from FOA+CoPectin FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No detectable. Regardless treatments, sex-specific observed concentrations haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, β-carotene female male In contrast, IRAK1, CADM1, ITGAM challenge longitudinal analysis 0, 21, revealed bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) calves, coupled most related cytokines cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial (MPO), (GPX1) downregulated over time. both monocytes treatment. we an increase percentage capable Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that supplementation FOA Co combined RPM effects on few inflammation molecular inflammatory mechanisms period.